随着 高性能 Web 服务器大量被使用,目前 最新稳定版为Nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
张宴兄在实际应用中大量使用 ,并分享 高性能 Web 服务器知识,使得 在国内也是飞速的发展。
那今天咱们再来温习一下 Nginx 动静分离知识,这里仅供参考。
一、实践环境:
系统版本:CentOS6.0 X86_64
版本:Nginx-1.2.6
Tomcat 版本:Tomcat-6.0.18
二、 安装:
实际环境中安装 ,首先需要安装 pcre 库,然后再安装 :
# 安装pcre支持rewrite库,也可以安装源码,注*安装源码时,指定pcre路径为解压源码的路径,而不是编译后的路径,否则会报错。
[root@aikaiyuan ~]# yum install pcre-devel pcre -y
# 下载Nginx源码包
[root@aikaiyuan ~]# cd /usr/src ;wget -chttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
# 解压Nginx源码包
[root@aikaiyuan src]# tar -xzf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
# 进入解压目录,然后sed修改Nginx版本信息为TDTWS
[root@aikaiyuan src]# cd nginx-1.2.6 ; sed -i -e "s/1.2.6//g"-e "s/nginx\//TDTWS/g" -e "s/"NGINX"/"TDTWS"/g"src/core/nginx.h
# 预编译Nginx
[root@aikaiyuan nginx-1.2.6]# ./configure –user=www –group=www–prefix=/usr/local/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
#.configure 预编译成功后,执行make命令进行编译
[root@aikaiyuan nginx-1.2.6]# make
#make 执行成功后,执行make install 正式安装
[root@aikaiyuan nginx-1.2.6]# make install
# 自此Nginx安装完毕!!!
三、配置 :
# 进入 应用目录
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
# 备份原 nginx.conf 文件
mv nginx.conf nginx.bak
创建 vi nginx.conf ,并写入如下内容 :
user www www; worker_processes 8; worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 102400; events { use epoll; worker_connections 102400; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; charset utf-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 4k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 300m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 60; client_body_buffer_size 512k; proxy_connect_timeout 5; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 5; proxy_buffer_size 16k; proxy_buffers 4 64k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; proxy_temp_file_write_size128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plainapplication/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; ###2012-12-19 change nginx logs log_format main "$http_x_forwarded_for – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"" "$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" " ""$http_user_agent" $request_time $remote_addr"; # 这里为后端服务器wugk应用集群配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可,tdt_wugk为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定 # 但必须跟vhosts.conf虚拟主机的pass段一致,否则不能转发后端的请求。 upstream tdt_wugk { server 10.10.141.30:8080weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.30:8081weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.31:8080weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.31:8081weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.32:8080weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.32:8081weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; } # 这里为后端APP应用负载均衡配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可。tdt_app为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定 upstream tdt_app { server 10.10.141.40:8080weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.40:8081weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.41:8080weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.41:8081weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.42:8080weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; server 10.10.141.42:8081weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s; } #include 引用vhosts.conf,该文件主要用于配置Nginx 虚拟主机 include vhosts.conf; }
如上 nginx.conf 配置完毕 , 继续配置 虚拟主机,继续在当前目录创建 vhosts.conf
vi vhosts.conf 内容如下:
####www.aikaiyuan.com server { listen 80; server_name www.aikaiyuan.com; index index.html index.htm; # 配置发布目录为/data/www/wugk root /data/www/wugk; location / { proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk; expires 3d; } # 动态页面交给http://tdt_wugk,也即我们之前在nginx.conf定义的upstream tdt_wugk 均衡 location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk; } # 配置Nginx动静分离,定义的静态页面直接从Nginx发布目录读取。 location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { root /data/www/wugk; #expires 定义用户浏览器缓存的时间为3天,如果静态页面不常更新,可以设置更长,这样可以节省带宽和缓解服务器的压力 expires 3d; } # 定义Nginx输出日志的路径 access_log /data/logs/www.aikaiyuan.com/access.log main; error_log /data/logs/www.aikaiyuan.com/error.log crit; } ##########aikaiyuan.sinaapp.com2012-12-19 server { listen 80; server_name aikaiyuan.sinaapp.com; index index.html index.htm; root /data/www; location / { proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://tdt_app; expires 3d; } location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://tdt_app; } location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { root /data/www/app; expires 3d; } access_log /data/logs/aikaiyuan/access.log main; error_log /data/logs/aikaiyuan/error.log crit; }
四、部署测试:
后端配置好 Tomcat 服务,并启动,发布的程序需同步到 的 /data/www 对应的目录,因为配置动静分离后,用户请求你定义的静态页面,默认会去 的发布目录请求,而不会到后端请求,所以这时候你要保证后端跟前端的程序保持一致,可以使用 Rsync 做服务端自动同步或者使用 NFS 、 MFS 分布式共享存储。
# 检查Nginx配置文件是否配置正确,提示Ok andsuccessful表示正确,如下:
[root@aikaiyuan ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t nginx: the configuration file/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# 启动Nginx服务
[root@aikaiyuan ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
# 查看Nginx进程是否启动
[root@aikaiyuan ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
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