最近线上产品出现了502错误。一般出现502错误，都是php-fpm 进程处理请求时出现异常导致的。
首先，查看了php-fpm 的进程数。发现php-fpm的进程数已经到达了php-fpm.conf中设置的最大值。最近流量没有特别的变动，这么多php-fpm进程，肯定有问题。
然后，用pstack命令查看这些php-fpm进程都在干啥。
[hailong.xhl@s010002.cm8 ~]$ sudo pstack 11740
Thread 3 (Thread 0x413bb940 (LWP 11741)):
#0 0x0000003cf92d4018 in epoll_wait () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#1 0x00007f4a0ffec116 in epoll_poll ()
#2 0x00007f4a0ffea81d in ez_run () from /home/admin/opt/easy/lib/libeasy.so.0
#3 0x00007f4a0ffe5b63 in easy_io_on_thread_start ()
#4 0x0000003cf9e064a7 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#5 0x0000003cf92d3c2d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6
Thread 2 (Thread 0x425a2940 (LWP 11742)):
#0 0x0000003cf92d4018 in epoll_wait () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#1 0x00007f4a0ffec116 in epoll_poll ()
#2 0x00007f4a0ffea81d in ez_run () from /home/admin/opt/easy/lib/libeasy.so.0
#3 0x00007f4a0fff1772 in easy_baseth_on_start ()
#4 0x0000003cf9e064a7 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#5 0x0000003cf92d3c2d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6
Thread 1 (Thread 0x7f4a17438710 (LWP 11740)):
#0 0x0000003cf9e0d174 in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1 0x0000003cf9e08aca in _L_lock_1034 () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#2 0x0000003cf9e0898c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#3 0x00007f4a135eeb19 in apc_pthreadmutex_lock ()
#4 0x00007f4a135e7fb8 in apc_cache_find_slot ()
#5 0x00007f4a135e8323 in apc_cache_find ()
#6 0x00007f4a135edd27 in my_compile_file ()
#7 0x000000000050c651 in phar_compile_file ()
#8 0x00000000006185ec in zend_execute_scripts ()
#9 0x00000000005c778d in php_execute_script ()
#10 0x00000000006a592d in main ()
根据上面的堆栈信息，我们可以肯定php的apc模块申请互斥锁权限时，一直获取不到互斥锁权限，一直等待，导致卡死了。
接下来，我们查下，是什么导致apc模块一直拿不到互斥锁权限。我们使用gdb排查，最终查出互斥锁的权限被进程号11274的进程占用着。查杀步骤如下：
[hailong.xhl@s010002.cm8 ~]$ sudo gdb -p 26748
(gdb) thread 2
(gdb) bt
#0 0x0000003cf9e0d174 in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#1 0x0000003cf9e08aca in _L_lock_1034 () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#2 0x0000003cf9e0898c in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0
#3 0x00007f4a135eeb19 in apc_pthreadmutex_lock (lock=0x7f4a0446e088) at /home/admin/APC-3.1.9/apc_pthreadmutex.c:72
#4 0x00007f4a135e7fb8 in apc_cache_find_slot (cache=0x27fc100, key=
{data = {file = {device = 43379392, inode = 48}, user = {identifier = 0x295eac0 “/home/admin/wanke/wanke_htdocs/openapi/index.php”, identifier_len = 48}, fpfile = {fullpath = 0x295eac0 “/home/admin/wanke/wanke_htdocs/openapi/index.php”, fullpath_len = 48}}, h = 5063011506047779259, mtime = 1392709731, type = 3 ’03′, md5 = “0200000000000032*’0000″}, t=1392709731) at /home/admin/APC-3.1.9/apc_cache.c:640
#5 0x00007f4a135e8323 in apc_cache_find (cache=0x7f4a0446e088, key=
{data = {file = {device = 43379392, inode = 48}, user = {identifier = 0x295eac0 “/home/admin/xxxx/index.php”, identifier_len = 48}, fpfile = {fullpath = 0x295eac0 “/home/adminxxxxindex.php”, fullpath_len = 48}}, h = 5063011506047779259, mtime = 1392709731, type = 3 ’03′, md5 = “0200000000000032*’0000″}, t=0) at /home/admin/APC-3.1.9/apc_cache.c:695
#6 0x00007f4a135edd27 in my_compile_file (h=0x7fffe1896080, type=8) at /home/admin/APC-3.1.9/apc_main.c:529
#7 0x000000000050c651 in phar_compile_file ()
#8 0x00000000006185ec in zend_execute_scripts ()
#9 0x00000000005c778d in php_execute_script ()
#10 0x00000000006a592d in main ()
(gdb) print (pthread_mutex_t *) 0x7f4a0446e088
$1 = (union {…} *) 0x7f4a0446e088
(gdb) print $1.__data.__owner
$11 = 11274
(gdb)
那么为啥11274进程一直占用互斥锁权限，不释放呢？最终发现这个进程已经退出了。11274的进程为啥会退出呢？在php-fpm 的日志中找到了答案。
[18-Feb-2014 15:48:45] NOTICE: [pool www] child 11274 started
[18-Feb-2014 15:48:45] WARNING: [pool www] child 11274 exited on signal 11 (SIGSEGV) after 0.089068 seconds from start
显然，11274进程运行过程中遇到了段错误，导致进程异常退出了。继续追查，发现是php的hsf扩展在启动初始化的时候遇到内存问题，导致段错误。
现在原因已经很明确了，是因为php扩展hsf启动的时候发生内存错误，导致php-fpm进程异常退出。退出的进程当时拥有apc的互斥锁。但是退出时，由于是异常退出，没能释放互斥锁。导致php-fpm其他进程无法获取apc的互斥锁。导致死锁。
那么如何解决呢？
1.与惠新宸（apc维护者之一）沟通，他建议不要再使用apc，建议换成opcache。因为apc已经基本不再维护。之前也做过opcache和apc的对比。可以看下这篇文章。
php的-zend-opcache-vs-apc-性能比较
2.hsf相关的问题，已经提交相关开发人员去完善。
3.如果你对apc情有独钟，不离不弃。那建议看看下面的文章，自己尝试修改下源码修复这个问题。
https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=46025
https://bugs.php.net/patch-display.php?bug_id=59281&patch=APC-3.1.9-bailout_deadlock.patch&revision=lates
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