开发背景：
根据信息系统安全等级保护的要求，需要对IDC所有数据库服务器进行安全检查，以确认服务器的安全设置是否符合等级保护要求，需要在所有数据库服务器上执行以下命令：
[root@aikaiyuan ~]# wget http://www.aikaiyuan.com/tools/check.sh [root@aikaiyuan ~]# bash check.sh
对于目前现状，我们总共目前约有mysql数据库约60台左右，加上oracle数据库会更多，如果通过单一的登录到每个数据库服务器执行，效率是非常低的，所以写了一个批量执行的Python脚本。该脚本会读取一个定义好的服务器列表和命令列表，然后利用了python的多进程特性，每个服务器一个独立进程，自动登录到对应的服务器，运行相应的脚本。登录认证方式包括密码登录和密钥登录，如果定义了密钥，则脚本会使用密钥登录，否则则使用密码登录。该脚本比较通用，在自动化监控和运维过程中比较实用，下面将对脚本做简单的分析。
代码解析：
该脚本共有两个文件，linux_batch_command.py和linux_servers.list。linux_batch_command.py用于执行自动登录和运行脚本。linux_servers.list用于定义主机列表。
linux_batch_command.py代码如下：需要执行的命令定义在cmds=‘’‘ ’‘’里面，需要执行多个命令用，分隔。timeout用于定义登录服务器和执行脚本的超时时间，运行时间比较长的话该值请修改的比较大些。
#!//bin/env python
#ssh_cmd_ver2.py
#coding:utf-8
import pexpect
import os, sys, string, time, datetime, traceback;
from multiprocessing import Process;
cmds= '''cd /tmp && wget http://www.aikaiyuan.com/tools/check.sh && bash check.sh'''
def ssh_cmd(ip,port,user,keyfile,passwd,cmd):
if keyfile <> '':
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh -p%s -i %s %s@%s "%s"' % (port,keyfile, user, ip, cmd))
try:
i = ssh.expect(["Enter passphrase for key '"+keyfile+"': ", 'continue connecting (yes/no)?'],timeout=60)
if i == 0 :
ssh.sendline(passwd)
r = ssh.read()
elif i == 1:
ssh.sendline('yesn')
ssh.expect("Enter passphrase for key '"+keyfile+"': ")
ssh.sendline(passwd)
r = ssh.read()
except pexpect.EOF:
ssh.close()
r=ip+":EOF"
except pexpect.TIMEOUT:
#ssh.close()
r="ip:TIMEOUT"
return r
else:
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh -p%s %s@%s "%s"' % (port, user, ip, cmd))
try:
i = ssh.expect(['password: ', 'continue connecting (yes/no)?'],timeout=60)
if i == 0 :
ssh.sendline(passwd)
r = ssh.read()
elif i == 1:
ssh.sendline('yesn')
ssh.expect('password: ')
ssh.sendline(passwd)
r = ssh.read()
except pexpect.EOF:
ssh.close()
r="EOF"
except pexpect.TIMEOUT:
#ssh.close()
r="TIMEOUT"
return r
def job_task(ip,port,user,keyfile,passwd):
for cmd in cmds.split(","):
r=ssh_cmd(ip,port,user,keyfile,passwd,cmd)
print r
def main():
print("%s: controller started." % (time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()),));
hosts = open('./linux_servers.list');
plist = []
for host in hosts:
if host:
ip,port,user,keyfile,passwd = host.split(":")
p = Process(target = job_task, args = (ip,port,user,keyfile,passwd))
plist.append(p)
#print plist
p.start();
for p in plist:
p.join();
print("%s: controller finished." % (time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()),))
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
linux_servers.list文件内容如下：
该文件里面定义需要登录执行命令的服务器，示例如下，每个服务器以单独行写在文件里面，第一行为密码登录的服务器格式示例，第二行为密码方式登录的服务器格式示例，定义好服务器后执行脚本，脚本会根据定义的格式自动选择登录方式
[root@aikaiyuan servers]# cat linux_servers.list 192.168.1.10:22:aikaiyuan:/home/aikaiyuan/.ssh/id_rsa:keypasswd 192.168.1.11:22:root::passwd
执行脚本，查看运行结果：
执行命令后，在终端会返回每个机器的执行输出结果，如果某个主机执行有异常则会输出EOF，执行超时则会输出数据TIMEOUT.
[root@aikaiyuan servers]# ./linux_batch_command.py ******************** 检查是否开启X-Window系统 ************************************************* [ OK ] 检查通过 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查系统关机热键是否启用 *********************************** [ FAILED ] 系统关机热键已启用 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查是否禁止root用户远程登录 **************************************** grep: /etc/ssh/sshd_config: Permission denied [ FAILED ] PermitRootLogin 未设置 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查历史命令缓存 ************************************ [ FAILED ] HISTFILESIZE 未设置 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 [ FAILED ] HISTSIZE 设置不当(参考值30)，当前值为: 1000 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查umask ********************************************** [ FAILED ] UMASK设置不当，当前值为: 0002 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查主机信任关系 ***************************************** find: /home/caojie: Permission denied find: /home/zabbix: Permission denied find: /home/liyong: Permission denied find: /home/willy: Permission denied find: /home/oracle: Permission denied find: /home/liuyang: Permission denied find: /home/lost+found: Permission denied find: /home/nagios: Permission denied find: /home/lengzhenguo: Permission denied find: /home/mysql: Permission denied [ OK ] 检查通过 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查进程、内存资源访问限制 *********************** [ FAILED ] HARD CORE设置不当，当前值为: unlimited % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 [ FAILED ] HARD RSS 未设置 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 [ FAILED ] HARD NPROC设置不当，当前值为: 131072 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查su命令限制 ********************************** auth sufficient pam_rootok.so auth include system-auth % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查sudoer账户 ********************************************* grep: /etc/sudoers: Permission denied % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 0 ******************** 检查SUID权限文件 *********************************************** % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1519 0 0 100 1519 0 2026 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 3273
转载请注明：爱开源 » 自动化运维基础实例解析-Python批量登录到服务器执行任务